Alaska

Alaska is the state of the United States of America, bordered to the east

with Canada and bordering the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.
Alaska belonged to Russia until 1867, the year when sold in the U.S. by

Tsar Alexander II on the amount of
$ 7,200,000, and in 1959 declared the federal state.
The exploration began in 1741 by Vitus Bering, on behalf of Russia. Continuing in 1778

by James Cook and the early 19th century exploration missions on the

Pacific coast to the North Arctic Ocean. The systematic exploration of Alaska and the

subsequent colonization are mainly due to the Siberian and American hunters, who in

1784 founded companies to hunt animals and selling furs.The first contact of Europeans in Alaska was in 1741, when Vitus Bering led a mission to

the Russian Navy ship "St Peter", which arrived on the west coast region. With the return

of the mission, the crew brought along the fur of sea otters, which are considered the best

fur world, so small cooperatives gounemporon gradually began to explore the

Aleutian Islands and Alaska from the coast of Siberia. The first permanent installation

of Europeans was in 1784, while the Russian-American Company was founded to deliver

an extensive program of colonization in the first half of the 19th century.The first capital of the region was the town of New Archangel on the island of Kodiak,

but then the headquarters moved to Sitka, which remained the capital of a century

both in Russian and American control of Alaska. The Russians never fully colonized

the region, and this move was not particularly profitable. William H. Stewart, Minister

of Foreign Affairs of the United States, negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia in

1867 for an amount of 7.2 million U.S. dollars. Initially, as part of the United States,

Alaska was the lax jurisdiction of the army, while after 1884 an unofficial U.S. territory.The 1890 season began the gold rush brought in Alaska, but also in neighboring

Yukon territory of Canada, thousands of settlers and gold miner. In 1912, Alaska

officially granted the status of the territory and moved to the capital city of Juneau.During the Second World War the outer Aleutian Islands Trumps Agkatou and Kiskun,

occupied by Japan from June 1942 until August 1943, when released by the

U.S. military campaign. Also, Giounalaska and Datta Harbor became an important basis

for the U.S.

Navy and U.S. Marines. Additionally, the American concession program, several

aircraft were transferred from Canada to Fairbanks and the Prefecture of Alaska,

to give pilots the Soviet army and then used to repel the German invasion of the

Soviet Union. At that time the construction of military bases contributed to the

increase of the local population.On July 7, 1958 was the state of Alaska system, which officially became the 49th

U.S. state on January 3, 1959.In 1964 occurred the earthquake known as "the Good Friday earthquake,

centered on an uninhabited region of Alaska, which ranks as the third most powerful

earthquake recorded worldwide, with a size of 9.2. The record was 131 deaths and

destroyed several villages and settlements.In 1968 oil was discovered in the Gulf Proudhon, and in 1977 completed the

Trans-Alaska pipeline, starting a new era of "oil disease" in the state. In 1989 the

accident of the tanker Exxon Valdez in Prince William bay caused the escape of

some 40,000 tonnes of crude oil in an oil slick spread over 1600 km of coastline.

This was one of the biggest ecological disasters on the planet, but also a milestone

for the security measures in the maritime environment.Particular status of the State University of Alaska is "Unversity of Alaska", state in

which the import of foreign students is relatively difficult. It grants Bachelor's, Master

and PhD. Also provides student hostel and restaurant.